from collections import namedtuple, deque, OrderedDict, ChainMap

# namedtuple: 名前付きタプル
Point = namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y'])
p = Point(10, 20)
print(p.x, p.y)  # 10 20

# deque: 両端キュー（高速な先頭追加/削除）
d = deque([1, 2, 3])
d.appendleft(0)   # [0, 1, 2, 3]
d.rotate(1)        # [3, 0, 1, 2]

# deque の maxlen で固定長キュー
recent = deque(maxlen=3)
for i in range(5):
    recent.append(i)
print(list(recent))  # [2, 3, 4]

from functools import partial, reduce, total_ordering

# partial: 引数を部分適用
def power(base, exp):
    return base ** exp

square = partial(power, exp=2)
cube = partial(power, exp=3)
print(square(5))  # 25
print(cube(3))    # 27

# reduce: 畳み込み
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
total = reduce(lambda a, b: a + b, numbers)
print(total)  # 15

# total_ordering: 比較メソッドを自動生成
@total_ordering
class Student:
    def __init__(self, name, score):
        self.name = name
        self.score = score
    def __eq__(self, other):
        return self.score == other.score
    def __lt__(self, other):
        return self.score < other.score

from pathlib import Path

# パス操作
p = Path('/home/user/project')
print(p / 'src' / 'main.py')  # /home/user/project/src/main.py
print(p.parent)               # /home/user
print(p.name)                 # project

# ファイル検索
for py_file in Path('.').rglob('*.py'):
    print(py_file)

# ファイル情報
p = Path('data.txt')
if p.exists():
    print(f"サイズ: {p.stat().st_size}バイト")
    print(f"拡張子: {p.suffix}")

import logging

# 基本設定
logging.basicConfig(
    level=logging.DEBUG,
    format='%(asctime)s [%(levelname)s] %(message)s',
    datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
)

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

logger.debug("デバッグ情報")
logger.info("処理開始")
logger.warning("注意")
logger.error("エラー発生")
logger.critical("致命的なエラー")

from typing import Optional, Union

def find_user(user_id: int) -> Optional[dict]:
    # Noneを返す可能性がある場合
    pass

def process(data: Union[str, bytes]) -> str:
    # strまたはbytesを受け取る場合
    pass

# Python 3.10+
def process_new(data: str | bytes) -> str:
    pass

from contextlib import contextmanager
import time

@contextmanager
def timer(label):
    start = time.perf_counter()
    try:
        yield
    finally:
        elapsed = time.perf_counter() - start
        print(f"{label}: {elapsed:.4f}秒")

with timer("データ処理"):
    # 時間を計測したい処理
    total = sum(range(1000000))